By stacking and twisting two atom-thin flakes of special materials at high angles, researchers at the University of Rochester have uncovered unique optical properties that could advance quantum computing and quantum technologies. Their study, published in Nano Letters, demonstrates how precisely layered nano-thin materials can create excitons—artificial atoms that function as quantum information bits (qubits).
The "Big Twist" and Its Quantum Potential
"If we had just a single layer of this material, these dark excitons wouldn’t interact with light," explains Nickolas Vamivakas, the Marie C. Wilson and Joseph C. Wilson Professor of Optical Physics.
"But by applying a large twist, we activate artificial atoms within the material that we can control optically, while still keeping them protected from environmental disturbances."
A New Approach Beyond Moiré Superlattices
This discovery builds upon the 2010 Nobel Prize-winning research that demonstrated how peeling carbon into a single atomic layer creates graphene, a 2D material with remarkable quantum properties.
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Scientists have since explored how layering and twisting graphene and other 2D materials at small angles—forming moiré superlattices—affects their optical and electrical properties. For instance, twisting graphene at 1.1 degrees produces special patterns that enable superconductivity.
However, the Rochester team took a different approach.
Instead of graphene, they used molybdenum diselenide, a 2D material known for being less stable, and twisted it at much larger angles, up to 40 degrees. Despite this, they discovered that the twisted monolayers produced excitons that retained information when activated by light.
"This was very surprising for us," says Arnab Barman Ray, a PhD candidate in optics.
"Molybdenum diselenide is notorious because other materials in the moiré material family generally show better information-retaining capacity. We think that if we use those other materials at these large angles, they may perform even better."
Toward the Future of Quantum Devices
The research team sees this as an early step toward developing new types of quantum devices.
"Eventually, we hope these artificial atoms can serve as memory units or nodes in a quantum network," says Vamivakas. "They could also be placed into optical cavities to create quantum materials."
These advancements could lay the groundwork for next-generation lasers, tools for quantum physics simulations, and other transformative technologies in the field of quantum information science.
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