Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems (MPI-IS) in Stuttgart have developed a biohybrid microswimmer by coating microalgae with a thin layer of magnetic material. Remarkably, the algae's swimming ability remained largely unaffected by the added material. The team, from the Physical Intelligence Department at MPI-IS, published their findings in Matter, a journal covering materials science research.
Microalgae as Natural Swimmers
In nature, single-cell microalgae—just ten microns in size—are excellent swimmers, propelled by two whip-like flagella that allow them to move with great agility. The researchers wanted to determine whether covering these algae with a polymer-based magnetic coating would hinder their movement, especially in tight spaces or thick, mucus-like fluids.
Their experiments revealed that the coated algae maintained their fast swimming speeds, reaching an average of 115 micrometers per second (about 12 body lengths per second). By comparison, an Olympic swimmer like Michael Phelps moves at 1.4 body lengths per second—a significant difference considering the algae’s lack of limbs.
Turning Microalgae into Microrobots
The study was co-led by Birgül Akolpoglu and Saadet Fatma Baltaci, researchers from MPI-IS. Their previous work focused on bacteria-based microswimmers for drug delivery applications. In this study, they aimed to functionalize unicellular algae with magnetic nanoparticles, effectively transforming them into microrobots that can be remotely guided.
Coating the algae with the magnetic polymer was quick and efficient, successfully covering nine out of ten algae. The researchers then tested the microswimmers in a liquid with the same viscosity as water. Using external magnetic fields, they successfully directed the algae’s movement.
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To push their experiment further, the team steered the microrobots through miniature 3D-printed channels with confined spaces—just three times the algae’s size. Two different setups were used: one with magnetic coils and another with permanent magnets. By creating a uniform magnetic field and adjusting its direction, they controlled the movement of the algae within the confined spaces.
Magnetic Navigation in Confined Spaces
The team observed that the algae used three distinct navigation strategies in the microchannels:
Backtracking – moving back to the starting point when stuck.
Crossing – navigating through gaps unassisted.
Magnetic crossing – smoothly maneuvering forward when guided by a magnetic field.
"Without magnetic guidance, the algae often got stuck and had to backtrack. But when we applied magnetic control, they moved much more efficiently, like giving them a tiny GPS," explains Akolpoglu.
Testing in Mucus-Like Environments
In the next phase, the researchers tested how the microrobots performed in a viscous environment, similar to mucus in the human body. They found that higher viscosity slowed the algae down and altered their movement. However, when a magnetic field was applied, the algae oscillated in a zigzag motion, demonstrating how viscosity and magnetic control could be fine-tuned to optimize navigation in complex environments.
Future Applications in Biomedicine
The researchers envision using these microrobots in highly confined environments, such as human tissues, for applications like targeted drug delivery.
"Our findings open doors to biocompatible solutions for medical treatments, with exciting potential for future innovations in biomedicine and beyond," the team concludes.
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Magnetically Controlled Microalgae Could Lead to Future Medical
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Twisting 2D Materials Unlocks New Possibilities for Quantum Comp
By stacking and twisting two atom-thin flakes of special materials at high angles, researchers at the University of Rochester have uncovered unique optical properties that could advance quantum computing and quantum technologies. Their study, published in Nano Letters, demonstrates how precisely layered nano-thin materials can create excitons—artificial atoms that function as quantum information bits (qubits).
The "Big Twist" and Its Quantum Potential
"If we had just a single layer of this material, these dark excitons wouldn’t interact with light," explains Nickolas Vamivakas, the Marie C. Wilson and Joseph C. Wilson Professor of Optical Physics.
"But by applying a large twist, we activate artificial atoms within the material that we can control optically, while still keeping them protected from environmental disturbances."
A New Approach Beyond Moiré Superlattices
This discovery builds upon the 2010 Nobel Prize-winning research that demonstrated how peeling carbon into a single atomic layer creates graphene, a 2D material with remarkable quantum properties.
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Scientists have since explored how layering and twisting graphene and other 2D materials at small angles—forming moiré superlattices—affects their optical and electrical properties. For instance, twisting graphene at 1.1 degrees produces special patterns that enable superconductivity.
However, the Rochester team took a different approach.
Instead of graphene, they used molybdenum diselenide, a 2D material known for being less stable, and twisted it at much larger angles, up to 40 degrees. Despite this, they discovered that the twisted monolayers produced excitons that retained information when activated by light.
"This was very surprising for us," says Arnab Barman Ray, a PhD candidate in optics.
"Molybdenum diselenide is notorious because other materials in the moiré material family generally show better information-retaining capacity. We think that if we use those other materials at these large angles, they may perform even better."
Toward the Future of Quantum Devices
The research team sees this as an early step toward developing new types of quantum devices.
"Eventually, we hope these artificial atoms can serve as memory units or nodes in a quantum network," says Vamivakas. "They could also be placed into optical cavities to create quantum materials."
These advancements could lay the groundwork for next-generation lasers, tools for quantum physics simulations, and other transformative technologies in the field of quantum information science.
The "Big Twist" and Its Quantum Potential
"If we had just a single layer of this material, these dark excitons wouldn’t interact with light," explains Nickolas Vamivakas, the Marie C. Wilson and Joseph C. Wilson Professor of Optical Physics.
"But by applying a large twist, we activate artificial atoms within the material that we can control optically, while still keeping them protected from environmental disturbances."
A New Approach Beyond Moiré Superlattices
This discovery builds upon the 2010 Nobel Prize-winning research that demonstrated how peeling carbon into a single atomic layer creates graphene, a 2D material with remarkable quantum properties.
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https://www.instavdub.com/forum/main-forum/307-project-m-unlimited-crystals-mod-2025
https://sundren.games/forum/main-forum/project-m-unlimited-crystals-mod-2025/
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http://playingwithsuperpower.com/forum/general-gaming-discussion/rogue-company-elite-unlimited-rogue-bucks-mod-2025/
https://www.instavdub.com/forum/main-forum/308-rogue-company-elite-unlimited-rogue-bucks-mod-2025
https://sundren.games/forum/main-forum/rogue-company-elite-unlimited-rogue-bucks-mod-2025/
https://www.thekgh.org/forum/rogue-company-elite-unlimited-rogue-bucks-mod-2025
https://www.consolefun.fr/forum/viewtopic.php?t=45543
https://www.instavdub.com/forum/main-forum/309-the-elder-scrolls-blades-unlimited-gems-mod-2025
https://sundren.games/forum/main-forum/the-elder-scrolls-blades-unlimited-gems-mod-2025/
https://www.thekgh.org/forum/the-elder-scrolls-blades-unlimited-gems-mod-2025
http://playingwithsuperpower.com/forum/general-gaming-discussion/the-elder-scrolls-blades-unlimited-gems-mod-2025/
https://www.consolefun.fr/forum/viewtopic.php?t=45544
https://www.instavdub.com/forum/main-forum/310-fallout-shelter-online-unlimited-lunchboxes-2025
https://sundren.games/forum/main-forum/fallout-shelter-online-unlimited-lunchboxes-2025/
Scientists have since explored how layering and twisting graphene and other 2D materials at small angles—forming moiré superlattices—affects their optical and electrical properties. For instance, twisting graphene at 1.1 degrees produces special patterns that enable superconductivity.
However, the Rochester team took a different approach.
Instead of graphene, they used molybdenum diselenide, a 2D material known for being less stable, and twisted it at much larger angles, up to 40 degrees. Despite this, they discovered that the twisted monolayers produced excitons that retained information when activated by light.
"This was very surprising for us," says Arnab Barman Ray, a PhD candidate in optics.
"Molybdenum diselenide is notorious because other materials in the moiré material family generally show better information-retaining capacity. We think that if we use those other materials at these large angles, they may perform even better."
Toward the Future of Quantum Devices
The research team sees this as an early step toward developing new types of quantum devices.
"Eventually, we hope these artificial atoms can serve as memory units or nodes in a quantum network," says Vamivakas. "They could also be placed into optical cavities to create quantum materials."
These advancements could lay the groundwork for next-generation lasers, tools for quantum physics simulations, and other transformative technologies in the field of quantum information science.
24 Mars 2025 à 22h37
freddokhert
Niveau 1
freddokhert
Niveau 1
Fortified Corrals Protect Livestock and Reduce Predator Conflict
In the struggle between predators and livestock keepers, fortified corrals have emerged as a strategy to protect both domesticated animals and vulnerable carnivore species. A new study led by Colorado State University (CSU) reveals that chain-link fences not only safeguard livestock from lions, leopards, and hyenas but also provide an unexpected benefit—reducing predation risk for neighboring households.
Good Fences Make Good Neighbors
Traditionally, livestock enclosures in Tanzania, known as bomas, are built from thorny bushes. While these provide some protection, predators can still break through and attack cattle, goats, and sheep. Researchers found that chain-link fortified enclosures offer a more effective deterrent, leading to a surprising spillover effect: carnivores do not simply shift their hunting to the next household but instead tend to avoid the entire area.
This study, published in Conservation Letters on March 6, is the first to document this kind of beneficial spillover effect from a predator conflict mitigation strategy. Losing apex predators like lions and leopards can disrupt ecosystems, making non-lethal coexistence strategies essential for conservation.
"Coexistence between humans and carnivores is a global challenge," said Kevin Crooks, co-author of the study and director of the CSU Center for Human-Carnivore Coexistence. "Our results provide important evidence of the effectiveness of proactive, non-lethal tools to prevent livestock predation by carnivores, benefiting not just the target household but potentially neighboring households as well."
Economic and Conservation Benefits
Lead author Jonathan Salerno, an associate professor at CSU’s Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, emphasized that while this method may have limited application in the U.S. West, understanding the dynamics between predators, people, and conflict interventions is crucial worldwide.
"Understanding these dynamics can help guide the effective use of conservation resources and support better outcomes for people, livestock, and threatened species," Salerno noted.
The research builds on a January 2024 study, which showed that chain-link corrals were 94% effective in the short term and 60% effective in the long term at reducing livestock losses near Ruaha National Park in Tanzania—home to 10% of the world’s African lion population.
Predator attacks are a serious economic burden for small-scale farmers in the region, with each household bordering the park facing a 30% chance of losing livestock annually. To address this, the conservation organization Lion Landscapes subsidized 75% of the cost of fortified corrals, with livestock keepers covering the remaining 25%.
A cost-benefit analysis revealed that after just five years, the financial benefits of preventing livestock loss were three to seven times greater than what farmers had initially paid.
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"The break-even point is anywhere from three months to two years because the loss of even one cow is a substantial economic setback," Salerno explained. "The risk reduction is significant enough that the investment pays for itself relatively quickly."
A New Model for Human-Wildlife Coexistence
Using 25,000 monthly reports from 758 livestock-keeping households collected between 2010 and 2016, researchers found that households neighboring those with chain-link corrals also experienced fewer predator attacks—the first evidence of such a spillover effect.
Funded by CSU’s School of Global Environmental Sustainability, the study provides critical insights into non-lethal predator management strategies that could be applied in other regions where humans and carnivores share the landscape.
By reducing human-wildlife conflict without resorting to lethal measures, fortified enclosures could play a crucial role in preserving apex predators, supporting rural livelihoods, and fostering coexistence between people and wildlife.
Good Fences Make Good Neighbors
Traditionally, livestock enclosures in Tanzania, known as bomas, are built from thorny bushes. While these provide some protection, predators can still break through and attack cattle, goats, and sheep. Researchers found that chain-link fortified enclosures offer a more effective deterrent, leading to a surprising spillover effect: carnivores do not simply shift their hunting to the next household but instead tend to avoid the entire area.
This study, published in Conservation Letters on March 6, is the first to document this kind of beneficial spillover effect from a predator conflict mitigation strategy. Losing apex predators like lions and leopards can disrupt ecosystems, making non-lethal coexistence strategies essential for conservation.
"Coexistence between humans and carnivores is a global challenge," said Kevin Crooks, co-author of the study and director of the CSU Center for Human-Carnivore Coexistence. "Our results provide important evidence of the effectiveness of proactive, non-lethal tools to prevent livestock predation by carnivores, benefiting not just the target household but potentially neighboring households as well."
Economic and Conservation Benefits
Lead author Jonathan Salerno, an associate professor at CSU’s Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, emphasized that while this method may have limited application in the U.S. West, understanding the dynamics between predators, people, and conflict interventions is crucial worldwide.
"Understanding these dynamics can help guide the effective use of conservation resources and support better outcomes for people, livestock, and threatened species," Salerno noted.
The research builds on a January 2024 study, which showed that chain-link corrals were 94% effective in the short term and 60% effective in the long term at reducing livestock losses near Ruaha National Park in Tanzania—home to 10% of the world’s African lion population.
Predator attacks are a serious economic burden for small-scale farmers in the region, with each household bordering the park facing a 30% chance of losing livestock annually. To address this, the conservation organization Lion Landscapes subsidized 75% of the cost of fortified corrals, with livestock keepers covering the remaining 25%.
A cost-benefit analysis revealed that after just five years, the financial benefits of preventing livestock loss were three to seven times greater than what farmers had initially paid.
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"The break-even point is anywhere from three months to two years because the loss of even one cow is a substantial economic setback," Salerno explained. "The risk reduction is significant enough that the investment pays for itself relatively quickly."
A New Model for Human-Wildlife Coexistence
Using 25,000 monthly reports from 758 livestock-keeping households collected between 2010 and 2016, researchers found that households neighboring those with chain-link corrals also experienced fewer predator attacks—the first evidence of such a spillover effect.
Funded by CSU’s School of Global Environmental Sustainability, the study provides critical insights into non-lethal predator management strategies that could be applied in other regions where humans and carnivores share the landscape.
By reducing human-wildlife conflict without resorting to lethal measures, fortified enclosures could play a crucial role in preserving apex predators, supporting rural livelihoods, and fostering coexistence between people and wildlife.
24 Mars 2025 à 22h35